Grammar
The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary says: Grammar : “Rules for forming words and combining them into sentences”. This definition reflects the common understanding of the term. There is how ever a larger meaning, as defined by the Oxford reference Dictionary, viz: “phonology, morphology and syntax”. The extended definition implies rules of pronunciation and word formation as well as those of putting words in sentences. With regard to the place and use of grammar in the teaching of English we generally meet with two strongly-held views, (I) That it should have no place because it does not help to achieve practical command of the language and (II) that it is frame-work of the language and accuracy is impossible without early grammatical grounding
The grammar that we teach or on which we base the teaching should, therefore, relate to the English that is actually used today. It is better that for all learners Grammar be introduced as a formal lesson at a later stage in the learning process. Finally we agree with Billows who says “we learn a language most easily, most naturally and most healthily when we learn it as if it were our own, from the inside, as a native does. If on the other hand we begin with the schematization of grammar, we cultivate that on-looker attitude which makes subsequent participation difficult”.
Complex & Compound sentences:
On the basis of structure there are three kinds of sentences. Simple, compound & complex.
Simple sentences- it has only one fenite verb it has one clause, which is an independent clause.
Compound sentence- it has two or more independent clauses joined together with one or more coordinating conjunctions. As-: I arrived there at 8 o’ clock and the examination began at 8:30 am.
Complex sentence- it has one subordinate clause or more than one subordinate clause and one or more principal clause. As-: that she is still alive is a cowrolation. Subordinate clause are often classified under two headings-
Subordinate clauses(In term of Form)
The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary says: Grammar : “Rules for forming words and combining them into sentences”. This definition reflects the common understanding of the term. There is how ever a larger meaning, as defined by the Oxford reference Dictionary, viz: “phonology, morphology and syntax”. The extended definition implies rules of pronunciation and word formation as well as those of putting words in sentences. With regard to the place and use of grammar in the teaching of English we generally meet with two strongly-held views, (I) That it should have no place because it does not help to achieve practical command of the language and (II) that it is frame-work of the language and accuracy is impossible without early grammatical grounding
The grammar that we teach or on which we base the teaching should, therefore, relate to the English that is actually used today. It is better that for all learners Grammar be introduced as a formal lesson at a later stage in the learning process. Finally we agree with Billows who says “we learn a language most easily, most naturally and most healthily when we learn it as if it were our own, from the inside, as a native does. If on the other hand we begin with the schematization of grammar, we cultivate that on-looker attitude which makes subsequent participation difficult”.
Complex & Compound sentences:
On the basis of structure there are three kinds of sentences. Simple, compound & complex.
Simple sentences- it has only one fenite verb it has one clause, which is an independent clause.
Compound sentence- it has two or more independent clauses joined together with one or more coordinating conjunctions. As-: I arrived there at 8 o’ clock and the examination began at 8:30 am.
Complex sentence- it has one subordinate clause or more than one subordinate clause and one or more principal clause. As-: that she is still alive is a cowrolation. Subordinate clause are often classified under two headings-
Subordinate clauses(In term of Form)
- Finite
- Non Finite
Subordinate clauses(In Term of Function)
- Nominal/ Noun
- Adjectival / Relative
- Adverbial
Requests
We can use can, could, may, might, will and would to make requests.
Can is used to make a simple request in an informal manner. Could is also
used to make a request. The use of could is more polite than can.
As- Can I it with you?
Can I have some water please?
Could I see the principal, please?
May and might are more formal than can and could to make requests.
Requests made with might are very formal and are therefore and usual.
As- May I know your name, please?
Might I know if the results have been declared?
Will and would can also be used to make polite requests for actions in the
immediate or distant future.
As- Will / would you open the door, please?
Will / would you lend me your book?
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